Спасибо, уважаемый Дмитрий!
https://www3.nationalgeographic.com/gen ... atlas.html
Информация насчет схожих митохондриальных ДНК, в т.ч. кавказцев и пиренейцев - тут, конечно, не только про них:
Haplogroup H
Around 15,000 to 20,000 years ago, colder temperatures and a drier global climate locked much of the world's fresh water at the polar ice caps, making living conditions near impossible for much of the northern hemisphere. Early Europeans retreated to the warmer climates of the Iberian Peninsula, Italy, and the Balkans, where they waited out the cold spell. Their population sizes were drastically reduced, and much of the genetic diversity that had previously existed in Europe was lost.
Beginning about 15,000 years ago - after the ice sheets had begun their retreat - humans moved north again and recolonized western Europe. By far the most frequent mitochondrial lineage carried by these expanding groups was haplogroup f-f, Because of the population growth that quickly followed this expansion, this haplogroup now dominates the European female landscape.
Today haplogroup H comprises 40 to 60 percent of the gene pool of most European populations. In Rome and Athens, for example, the frequency of H is around 40 percent of the entire population, and it exhibits similar frequencies throughout western Europe. Moving eastward the frequencies of H gradually decreases, clearly illustrating the migratory path these settlers followed as they left the Iberian Peninsula after the ice sheets had receded. Haplogroup H is found at around 25 percent in Turkey and around 20 percent in the Caucasus Mountains.
While haplogroup H is considered the Western European lineage due to its high frequency there, it s also found much further east, Today it comprises around 20 percent of southwest Asian lineages, about 15 percent of people living in Central Asia, and around 5 percent in northern Asia.
Importantly, the age of haplogroup H lineages differs quite substantially between those seen in the West compared with those found in the East, In Europe its age is estimated at 10,000 to 15,000 years old, and while H made it into Europe substantially earlier (30,000 years ago), reduced population sizes resulting from the glacial maximum significantly reduced its diversity there, and thus its estimated age. In Central and East Asia, however, its age is estimated at around 30,000 years old, meaning this lineage made it into those seen in the West compared with those found in the East. In Europe its age is estimated at 10,000 to 15,000 years old, and while H made it into Europe substantially earlier (30,000 years ago), reduced population sizes resulting from the glacial maximum significantly reduced its diversity there, and thus its estimated age. In Central and East Asia, however, its age is estimated at around 30,000 years old, meaning this lineage mode it into those areas during some of the earlier migrations out of the Near East.
Haplogroup HV
Haplogroup HV is a west Eurasian haplogroup found throughout the Near East, including Anatolia (present-day Turkey) and the Caucasus Mountains of southern Russia and the republic of Georgia. It is also found in parts of East Africa, particularly in Ethiopia, where its presence there indicates recent Near Eastern gene flow, likely the result of the Arab slave trade over the last two millennia.
Much earlier, around 30,000 years ago, some members of HV moved north across the Caucasus Mountains and west across Anatolia, their lineages carried into Europe for the first time by the Cro-Magnon. This arrival in Europe heralded the end of the era of the Neandertals, a hominid species that inhabited Europe and parts of western Asia from about 230,000 to 29,000 years ago. Better communication skills, weapons, and resourcefulness probably enabled these ancestors to outcompete Neandertals for scarce resources.
Around 15,000 to 20,000 years ago, colder temperatures and a drier global climate locked much of the world's fresh water at the polar ice caps, making living conditions near impossible for much of the Northern Hemisphere. Early Europeans retreated to the warmer climates of the Iberian Peninsula, Italy, and the Balkans, where they waited out the cold spell. Their population sizes were drastically reduced, and much of the genetic diversity that had previously existed in Europe was lost.
Beginning about 15,000 years ago - after the ice sheets had begun their retreat - humans moved north again and recolonized Western Europe, The two most frequent mitochondrial lineages carried by these expanding groups are H and V, both of which descend from this lineage. Today they dominate the western European mitochondrial landscape, making up almost 75 percent of all European lineages.
Haplogroup HV1
Haplogroup HV1 is a west Eurasian haplogroup. It is found at highest frequency throughout the Near East, including Anatolia (present-day Turkey) and the Caucasus Mountains of southern Russia and the republic of Georgia.
Some members of your haplogroup crossed the rugged Caucasus Mountains in southern Russia, and moved on to the steppes of the Black Sea. These individuals represent movements from the Black Sea steppes west into regions that comprise the present day Baltic States and western Eurasia. This grassland then served as the home base for subsequent movements north and west. Today, members of these lineages are found in Eastern Europe and the eastern Mediterranean region.
But despite geographic proximity to the Iberian Peninsula, members of your group did not give rise to the two dominant western European lineages, H and V. This indicates that while many early Europeans were fighting off the harsh glacial maximum that had gripped Europe 15,000-20,000 years ago, your ancestors were safely to the temperate south in the familiar Near East.
Interestingly, HV1 is also found in parts of East Africa, particularly in Ethiopia, where its presence there indicates recent Near Eastern gene flow, likely the result of the Arab slave trade over the last two millennia.
Может, эти данные и не подтверждают прямо переселение иберов или протоиберов с Кавказа на Пиренеи в какой-то строго детерминированный период времени, но ни в коем случае его не отрицают. Особенно данные по гаплотипу HV1. Генетическое родство населения - есть. Правда, не только с жителями Пиренеев, но тем не менее...
Кстати, данные по Y-хромосоме тоже подтверждают родство. Вероятно, в будущем появятся и другие генетические или даже иные маркеры, с помощью которых можно будет получить картину расселения еще более полной. Ведь сравнительно недавно о данных, полученных с помощью митохондриальных ДНК, нельзя было и мечтать.
Dumili rekavs - Cum tacent, clamant.